cricofaríngea

The cricopharyngeus muscle is a component of the upper esophageal sphincter. It is located at the superior aspect of the esophagus, forming the posterior wall of the pharyngoesophageal junction. This muscle is a distinct band of skeletal muscle that plays a crucial role in deglutition, the process of swallowing. During the pharyngeal phase of swallowing, the cricopharyngeus muscle relaxes, allowing food or liquid to pass from the pharynx into the esophagus. It then contracts to prevent regurgitation of esophageal contents back into the pharynx.

Dysfunction of the cricopharyngeus muscle can lead to various swallowing difficulties, collectively known as oropharyngeal dysphagia. Common issues include cricopharyngeal achalasia, where the muscle fails to relax properly, causing a sensation of food getting stuck in the throat and difficulty initiating swallowing. Conversely, cricopharyngeal incoordination or spasm can also impair normal swallowing function. These conditions can arise from neurological disorders, aging, or as a primary problem with the muscle itself. Diagnosis often involves videofluoroscopic swallowing studies or manometry. Treatment strategies may include dietary modifications, swallowing therapy, or in some cases, surgical interventions such as cricopharyngeal myotomy.