conjunciile

Conjuncțiile (Conjunciile) are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses. They constitute a fundamental class of speech used to express logical relations between parts of a sentence. They can join elements of equal status (coordination) or attach a dependent clause to a main clause (subordination), thereby shaping sentence structure and coherence.

The main division is into coordinating conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions link independent clauses or items of the same syntactic level. Common Romanian examples include și (and), sau (or), dar (but), însă (however), and iar (and/but). Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses, expressing relations such as cause, time, condition, or concession. Examples include că (that), dacă (if), pentru că (because), deoarece (since), când (when), în timp ce (while), and deși (although).

Subtypes of subordinating conjunctions cover several semantic fields. Causale conjuncții convey reason (pentru că, întrucât); temporale conjuncții mark time (când, în timp ce); condiționale conjuncții express condition (dacă, ori de câte ori); concesive conjuncții introduce contrast (deși). There are also final conjuncții, used to express purpose (ca să, pentru a). Some conjunctive forms may also function as adverbs in certain contexts.

Usage and punctuation follow Romanian conventions. A subordinate clause typically begins with a conjuncție and is separated from the main clause by punctuation, often a comma. In compound sentences joined by coordinating conjunctions, a comma may also be used to separate independent clauses. The term derives from Latin coniungere, meaning to join together.

See also Romanian grammar, parts of speech, and syntax.