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CohesinEN is a protein complex that plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression through its interactions with various other proteins and RNA molecules. Unlike other cohesin complexes, CohesinEN is composed of specific subunits that enable it to perform unique functions in the cell.

The enzymes responsible for the formation of the cohesin loop in the genome, SMC2 and SMC4, are the primary components of CohesinEN. These proteins, along with HEI10, which has been reported to form a stable complex with CohesinEN, contribute to the chromosomally distinct cohesin-docking sites apparent on chromosomes.

Studies have shown that CohesinEN is involved in the remodeling of chromatin at the end of the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This remodeling process is critical for the entry into S phase, marking the onset of DNA replication. Research suggests that CohesinEN interacts with chromatin-associated proteins, facilitating the organization of chromatin structure necessary for the assembly of the replication machinery.

Mutations in the genes encoding CohesinEN subunits have been linked to various chromosomal abnormalities and diseases, such as infertility and genomic instability. These observations suggest that the proper functioning of CohesinEN is essential for maintaining genome stability. The role of CohesinEN in the cell has important implications for understanding the complex mechanisms underlying gene expression and its dysregulation in diseases.