CohesinEN

CohesinEN is a human protein that plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression and DNA replication. It is a member of the cohesin family of proteins, which is involved in the process of cell division. CohesinEN is composed of two subunits: Scc3 and Ring1, which are encoded by the STAg and RNF2 genes, respectively.

The primary function of CohesinEN is to interact with the chromatin modification complex Swi/Snf and regulate the recruitment of AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) to chromatin. APE1 is required for the repair of damaged DNA, and CohesinEN helps to facilitate this process by recruiting APE1 to sites of DNA damage. This interaction is essential for ensuring that damaged DNA is properly repaired and that mutations are not inherited by subsequent cell divisions.

Studies have also shown that CohesinEN is involved in the regulation of gene expression, particularly in the context of replication-dependent histone mRNAs. CohesinEN binds to these mRNAs and interacts with the N-terminal domain of the Sm protein, which plays a critical role in RNA splicing. This interaction regulates the expression of histone mRNAs and is essential for the proper regulation of cell growth and division.

Mutations in the STAg or RNF2 genes that encode the subunits of CohesinEN have been implicated in various diseases, including B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma. These mutations are often associated with the deregulation of gene expression and DNA replication, highlighting the critical role of CohesinEN in maintaining genome stability.