cloroplasti

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells, algae, and some protists. They are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose, or sugar. Chloroplasts are surrounded by a double membrane, with an inner membrane that is folded into structures called thylakoids. These thylakoids contain chlorophyll, the pigment that gives plants their green color, and are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

The stroma is the fluid-filled space within the chloroplast, where the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur. These reactions use the energy produced in the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. Chloroplasts also play a role in the synthesis of other organic molecules, such as lipids and amino acids.

Chloroplasts are dynamic organelles that can change shape and size in response to environmental conditions. They can also divide and fuse, allowing for the growth and development of plant cells. Chloroplasts are inherited from the mother plant in most plant species, and they can be transmitted to offspring through seeds or other reproductive structures.

Chloroplasts are essential for the survival of plants and other organisms that rely on photosynthesis for energy. They are also of interest to scientists studying the evolution of photosynthesis and the mechanisms by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy.