citratephosphatedextrose

Citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) is an anticoagulant solution widely used in blood collection and storage. It prevents clotting by chelating calcium with citrate, while phosphate serves as a buffering agent to maintain an appropriate pH, and dextrose provides energy to red blood cells during storage.

Composition and function: CPD typically contains citrate, phosphate (for buffering), and dextrose dissolved in water. The citrate component binds calcium in blood, interrupting the coagulation cascade. The phosphate helps stabilize pH during storage, and the dextrose supplies energy to red blood cells, helping preserve their viability over time.

Applications and storage: CPD is used during the collection of whole blood and as an anticoagulant for preparing blood components. Blood collected in CPD is usually refrigerated and can be stored for about 21 days as whole blood. After separation into components, red blood cell concentrates are often stored with additive solutions that extend shelf life, commonly up to 35 days depending on regulations and formulation.

Variants and related products: Several CPD-based formulations exist, with variations in citrate concentration and buffering capacity, as well as additions intended to optimize storage life and compatibility. Related products include CPD derivatives and formulations such as CP2D and CPDA-1, which differ in composition to suit specific blood banking practices.

Safety and handling: CPD is used under standardized blood banking guidelines. Potential issues include citrate toxicity in cases of massive transfusion, which may necessitate monitoring and calcium supplementation. Proper handling, labeling, and compatibility testing are essential to ensure safe transfusion practices.