circling

Circling is the act of moving around a central point or along a circular path. The term is used in mathematics, physics, navigation, biology, and social practices, and can refer to both literal motion and metaphorical or structured activities.

In geometry and physics, circular motion describes an object moving along a circle with constant speed; the inward force required is centripetal. The angular velocity is ω = v/r, where v is speed and r is radius, and the motion has a characteristic period T = 2πr/v.

In aviation, circling is a maneuver in which a flying aircraft on an instrument approach is kept at or near the airport while maneuvering to align with a runway for landing, typically at low altitude and within controlled airspace.

In animal behavior, circling describes repetitive, circular locomotion. It may occur as normal play or exploration in some species, or it can indicate neurological or vestibular problems in others.

In group dynamics and personal development, circling refers to a facilitated practice where participants share observations and feelings in the moment to foster presence, relational awareness, and communication. It is used in workshops, therapy, and coaching to explore interpersonal dynamics and trust.