chlorovodíkovou

Chlorovodíkovou is the Czech instrumental form used to refer to the compound associated with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride. In chemistry, it denotes the relationship to hydrogen chloride, which exists as a gaseous diatomic molecule (HCl) and, when dissolved in water, as hydrochloric acid, a strong mineral acid widely used in industry and the lab.

Hydrogen chloride is a colorless gas with a sharp, penetrating odor. It is highly soluble in water; when dissolved, it forms hydrochloric acid, a strong, monoprotic acid that fully dissociates in aqueous solution. In the gas phase, it reacts readily with moisture to form acidic droplets; concentrated HCl is corrosive to many materials and irritant to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract.

Industrial production of hydrochloric acid primarily occurs by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water, and the gas itself is often generated or captured as a byproduct in the chlor-alkali process and related chlorine chemistry. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is typically around 37% HCl by weight and must be stored in corrosion-resistant containers.

Uses of hydrochloric acid span metal processing (steel pickling and metal cleaning), chemical synthesis and pH adjustment in various processes, food processing as an acidifying agent, and laboratory applications. It is also produced biologically in gastric juice, where hydrochloric acid assists digestion.

Safety and handling emphasize its corrosivity and irritant nature. Appropriate ventilation, protective clothing, gloves, and eye protection are essential. Spills are neutralized with suitable bases, and concentrated solutions must be kept away from metals that liberate hydrogen gas. Environmental release should be minimized due to acidity and potential ecological effects.