centroszómaanomáliák

Centroszómaanomáliák, also known as centrosome abnormalities, refer to structural or numerical deviations from the typical centrosome. Centrosomes are vital organelles in eukaryotic cells, primarily serving as the main microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) and playing a crucial role in cell division by forming the mitotic spindle.

Normal centrosomes consist of two centrioles arranged perpendicularly to each other, surrounded by pericentriolar material. Abnormalities can manifest in several ways. Numerical abnormalities include the presence of fewer than two centrosomes (e.g., acentrosomal cells) or more than the usual two (supernumerary centrosomes). Supernumerary centrosomes are frequently observed in cancer cells and are thought to contribute to chromosomal instability due to the formation of multipolar spindles, which can lead to aneuploidy.

Structural abnormalities involve alterations in the size, shape, or composition of the centrosome or its components. These can include defects in centriole duplication, separation, or maturation. Such structural defects can also disrupt proper spindle formation and function.

The study of centroszómaanomáliák is important in understanding cell cycle regulation and is particularly relevant in cancer biology, as these abnormalities are a hallmark of many tumors and are associated with disease progression and treatment resistance. Research into the causes and consequences of centrosome abnormalities aims to identify potential therapeutic targets for various diseases.