celów

Celów is the genitive plural form of the Polish noun cel, meaning goal, aim, or purpose. It is used when the word refers to multiple goals in a genitive context, such as after prepositions that require the genitive or in possessive constructions. In standard usage, celów appears in phrases where the noun is governed by another word or expresses “of the goals.”

Common usages include phrases like realizacja celów projektu (the realization of the project’s goals), bez celów (without goals), jeden z celów (one of the goals), and wśród celów strategicznych (among strategic goals). The form also occurs in possessive constructions, for example celów państwa (the state’s goals). When adjectives modify cel, they take a matching genitive plural ending, as in głównych celów (main goals, with an adjective in genitive plural).

Notes on grammar: cel is a masculine noun, and celów is its genitive plural. This contrasts with the nominative plural cele (the standard plural form for the common meaning “goals”). The form celów is required after prepositions that govern the genitive or in phrases where the noun is part of a larger genitive construction, such as realizacja celów, ocena celów, or planowanie celów.

In summary, celów serves as the plural genitive form of cel and is used to describe or qualify multiple goals within genitive constructions, commonly appearing in formal, planning, or analytical contexts.