cationisation

Cationisation is a process that introduces positive charges onto a material. This is typically achieved by attaching cationic species or by modifying the material's surface chemistry to create positive sites. The introduction of positive charges can significantly alter the material's properties, such as its interaction with negatively charged substances, its solubility, and its ability to bind to other molecules.

One common method for cationisation involves the use of cationic polymers. These polymers contain positively charged functional groups, such as quaternary ammonium groups, which can be grafted onto or coated onto a substrate. Alternatively, the surface of a material can be chemically modified to introduce positively charged functional groups. This might involve reactions that create amine groups or other basic functionalities.

Cationisation finds applications in various fields. In textiles, it can improve dye uptake, particularly with anionic dyes, leading to more vibrant and durable coloration. In water treatment, cationised materials can be used as adsorbents to remove negatively charged pollutants like heavy metal ions and certain organic compounds. The medical field utilizes cationisation in drug delivery systems, where positively charged nanoparticles can interact with negatively charged cell membranes for enhanced cellular uptake. It is also employed in papermaking to improve the retention of fillers and fines.