carotinoidok

Carotenoids are a class of naturally occurring pigments found in plants, algae, and some bacteria and fungi. They are responsible for the vibrant yellow, orange, and red colors seen in many fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Carotenoids are fat-soluble compounds and play crucial roles in photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants. They absorb light energy that is not captured by chlorophyll, thus preventing damage to plant tissues from excess light.

In animals, carotenoids are obtained through diet, as animals cannot synthesize them. They are essential dietary components for humans and other animals, serving as precursors to vitamin A, which is vital for vision, immune function, and cell growth. Some carotenoids, like beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and cryptoxanthin, can be converted into vitamin A in the body. Other carotenoids, such as lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, do not have provitamin A activity but possess important antioxidant properties. Antioxidants help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, which are unstable molecules linked to chronic diseases and aging.

The absorption of carotenoids from food can be enhanced by consuming them with dietary fats. Common food sources include carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, kale, tomatoes, and apricots. Their diverse range of colors reflects their widespread presence in the plant kingdom and their importance in both plant and animal physiology.