carbonilico

Carbonilico is a term that appears in some linguistic or historical contexts to denote the carbonyl functional group or carbonyl-containing compounds. In contemporary English chemical nomenclature, the preferred term is carbonyl. The usage of carbonilico is uncommon and may reflect regional spellings such as carbonílico in Romance languages or older texts that describe carbonyl chemistry.

The carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). It is a highly polar, planar unit that appears in many organic substances, including aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and anhydrides, as well as their derivatives. When used, carbonilico generally refers to this family of compounds.

Reactivity centers on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon, which attracts nucleophiles and participates in additions and condensations. The C=O bond is strongly polarized, and the group shows characteristic infrared absorption near 1650–1850 cm−1, depending on substitution and conjugation. Reactions include hydration, nucleophilic addition, oxidation to carboxylic acids, and reduction to alcohols.

Carbonyl compounds are central to organic synthesis and industry. They serve as intermediates in the manufacture of polymers, pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and agrochemicals. Natural processes generate carbonyls in metabolism and fermentation, while analytical methods such as infrared spectroscopy and NMR routinely detect and characterize carbonyl-containing molecules.

See also: carbonyl group; aldehyde; ketone; carboxylic acid; ester; amide.