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Carbohydrates are a major class of organic compounds that include sugars, starches, and fibers. They are essential for providing energy to the body and are a primary source of fuel for the brain, muscles, and other tissues. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and are typically classified into three main types: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates and include sugars such as glucose, fructose, and galactose. They are often referred to as simple sugars because they cannot be broken down into smaller carbohydrate units. Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides join together through a process called glycosidic linkage. Common disaccharides include sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose.

Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharides. They can be further classified into two main groups: starches and fibers. Starches, such as amylose and amylopectin, are found in plants and are used by the body for energy storage. Dietary fibers, including cellulose and pectin, are also polysaccharides but are not digestible by humans. Instead, they play a crucial role in maintaining digestive health and promoting feelings of fullness.

Carbohydrates are an important part of a balanced diet and are found in a wide variety of foods, including grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes. They provide quick energy and are essential for various bodily functions, including the production of hormones and neurotransmitters. However, it is important to consume carbohydrates in moderation, as excessive intake can lead to weight gain and other health issues.