capnometer

A capnometer is a medical device used to measure and display the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a patient's exhaled breath. This measurement is known as end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) or capnography when the CO2 concentration is displayed as a waveform over time. Capnometers are essential tools in many healthcare settings, particularly in anesthesia, intensive care units, emergency medicine, and during resuscitation efforts.

The primary function of a capnometer is to provide real-time information about a patient's ventilation, circulation, and metabolism. By analyzing the CO2 levels, healthcare professionals can assess the effectiveness of breathing, detect potential respiratory complications such as hypoventilation or hyperventilation, and monitor the adequacy of blood flow. Changes in EtCO2 can also indicate problems with the endotracheal tube placement, airway obstruction, or even cardiac arrest.

There are two main types of capnometers: mainstream and sidestream. Mainstream capnometers are placed directly in the breathing circuit between the patient and the ventilator or anesthesia machine. Sidestream capnometers draw a small sample of gas from the breathing circuit into a separate analysis unit. Both types provide valuable data to guide patient care and ensure optimal outcomes.