calibrator

Calibrator refers to a device or person used to calibrate instruments by providing precise reference values or signals. In metrology, a calibrator serves as a reference source to verify and adjust the accuracy of measurement instruments so that their readings align with national or international standards. A calibration often involves comparing the instrument under test to the calibrator's known output and applying adjustments to minimize measurement error. Calibrators are designed to be traceable to standards and typically accompanied by a calibration certificate that states the method, uncertainty, and compliant reference.

Common types include electrical calibrators, which generate precise voltages, currents, resistance, or frequencies for calibrating multimeters, oscilloscopes, and power supplies; temperature calibrators, such as dry-well and infrared sources, for calibrating thermometers, thermocouples, and temperature controllers; pressure calibrators, including deadweight testers and pressure transducers; and optical or photometric calibrators used in color and luminance measurements. Multifunction or handheld calibrators combine several output types in a single instrument.

Usage involves selecting a reference value or signal from the calibrator, measuring with the instrument under test, and adjusting the instrument's readout or gain to match the reference. The process emphasizes traceability, documentation, and uncertainty assessment, and is common in laboratories, manufacturing, and field service. See also calibration and metrology.