bélobstrukciók

Bélobstrukció, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a condition where the normal passage of intestinal contents is blocked. This blockage can occur in either the small intestine or the large intestine and can be partial or complete.

The causes of bélobstrukció are varied. In the small intestine, adhesions from previous abdominal surgery are a common cause. Other possibilities include hernias, tumors, Crohn's disease, and intussusception (where one part of the intestine slides into another). In the large intestine, colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and volvulus (twisting of the intestine) are frequent culprits.

Symptoms typically include abdominal pain, which can be cramping and intermittent, nausea, vomiting, and a distended abdomen. Patients may also experience constipation and a lack of bowel movements or gas. The severity of symptoms often depends on the location and completeness of the obstruction.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and laboratory tests to assess electrolyte balance and blood counts.

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the obstruction. Mild or partial obstructions may be managed conservatively with bowel rest, intravenous fluids, and nasogastric tube decompression to remove air and fluid. Complete or severe obstructions, or those caused by conditions like strangulation or perforation, often require surgical intervention to remove the blockage and repair any damaged bowel. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as bowel ischemia, perforation, and peritonitis.