bumperek

A bumper, also known as a bumper bar, is a device installed on the front and rear of a motor vehicle to protect the occupants and the vehicle itself in a collision. Bumpers are designed to absorb and dissipate impact energy, reducing the severity of damage to the vehicle and the risk of injury to occupants in low-speed crashes. Modern bumpers are typically made from plastic or composite materials, though older vehicles may have metal bumpers. They often incorporate energy-absorbing foam or a reinforcement bar. The design and effectiveness of bumpers are regulated by government safety standards in most countries. These regulations specify impact speeds and test procedures to ensure a minimum level of protection. Bumpers are also a significant styling element of a vehicle, contributing to its overall aesthetic. Over time, bumper designs have evolved from simple metal bars to more integrated and aerodynamic components that are blended into the vehicle's bodywork.