brjósthimnu

The brjósthimna, also known as the pleura, is a serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs. It consists of two layers: the visceral pleura, which is directly attached to the lung surface, and the parietal pleura, which lines the inner surface of the chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum. Between these two layers is a potential space called the pleural cavity, which normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid. This fluid allows the lungs to glide smoothly against the chest wall during breathing.

The primary function of the brjósthimna is to facilitate lung expansion and contraction. As the diaphragm and intercostal muscles move during respiration, the parietal pleura moves with the chest wall, and the visceral pleura, due to the cohesive nature of the pleural fluid, pulls the lungs along with it. This creates negative pressure within the pleural cavity, essential for keeping the lungs inflated.

Diseases affecting the brjósthimna include pleurisy (inflammation of the pleura), pleural effusion (abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity), and pneumothorax (air in the pleural cavity, causing lung collapse). These conditions can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, and other respiratory symptoms. Diagnosis often involves imaging techniques like chest X-rays and CT scans, as well as pleural fluid analysis if an effusion is present. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, drainage procedures, or surgery.