biyotik

Biyotik is a term used in ecology to describe the living components of an ecosystem and their interactions. It encompasses all organisms present in an environment, including plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, protists, and other microorganisms, as well as their products such as seeds and waste that influence ecological processes. Biotic factors interact through food webs and symbiotic relationships, including predation, herbivory, competition, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. These interactions shape community structure, species distributions, and energy flow from producers to consumers and decomposers.

Biotic factors operate alongside abiotik factors, which are the non-living physical and chemical components like temperature, light, water, minerals, and pH. The combination of biotic and abiotic factors determines habitat suitability, resource availability, and niche occupation. In ecological studies, biotic components are used to analyze biodiversity, population dynamics, and ecosystem resilience. Human activities such as habitat alteration, pollution, overexploitation, and introductions of invasive species can disrupt biotic relationships, leading to changes in ecosystem function.

The term is used in Turkish-language texts as biyotik to distinguish living versus non-living influences on ecological systems. Understanding biotic interactions is fundamental for conservation planning, agriculture, and ecosystem management.