bixinnorbixin

Bixinnorbixin is a carotenoid pigment found naturally in the seeds of the achiote tree, also known as Bixa orellana. It is one of the two main coloring compounds present in annatto extract, the other being bixin. While bixin is the predominant pigment in the annatto seed's outer coating, bixinnorbixin is found in smaller quantities within the seed itself.

Chemically, bixinnorbixin is a dicarboxylic acid ester. Its structure is closely related to bixin, differing in the esterification of the carboxylic acid groups. This structural difference influences its properties, including solubility and color intensity. Bixinnorbixin contributes to the characteristic orange-red hue of annatto, a widely used natural food coloring.

Annatto extract, containing both bixin and bixinnorbixin, is employed in various food products such as cheeses, butter, snacks, and baked goods to impart a warm, yellowish-orange to reddish color. It is also utilized in cosmetics and textiles. The presence of bixinnorbixin in annatto contributes to the overall color profile and stability of the pigment mixture. Research continues to explore the specific contributions and potential synergistic effects of both bixin and bixinnorbixin in annatto's coloring applications.