biodiesels

Biodiesel is a type of diesel fuel that is derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. It is made through a process called transesterification, where triglycerides in the oil or fat react with an alcohol (usually methanol) to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and glycerol. These FAMEs are the primary component of biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines, either alone or blended with petroleum-based diesel fuel. Common blends include B5 (5% biodiesel, 95% petroleum diesel) and B20 (20% biodiesel, 80% petroleum diesel).

The feedstocks for biodiesel production are diverse. They include common vegetable oils such as soybean oil, canola oil, and palm oil. Animal fats like tallow and lard can also be used. Waste cooking oil and used frying oil are increasingly important sources, offering a way to recycle a waste product. The choice of feedstock can influence the properties and cost of the resulting biodiesel.

Biodiesel is considered a renewable fuel because its feedstocks can be replenished through agriculture and animal husbandry. It is often promoted as an alternative to petroleum diesel due to its potential environmental benefits. When burned, biodiesel typically produces fewer sulfur emissions, particulate matter, and carbon monoxide compared to petroleum diesel. However, some studies have indicated that nitrogen oxide emissions can be higher with biodiesel. Its biodegradability is also a notable characteristic, meaning it breaks down more readily in the environment if spilled. The production and use of biodiesel are subject to various regulations and incentives in different regions, aiming to promote its adoption and manage its lifecycle impacts.