bioaggregate

Bioaggregate is an umbrella term used across disciplines to denote particles or clusters that originate from biological processes or incorporate biological components, which subsequently assemble into larger aggregates. The term is not tied to a single material type and can describe both natural formations and engineered materials.

In ecology and soil science, bioaggregates form when microorganisms, plant roots, fungi, and extracellular polymeric substances bind mineral grains and organic matter. These aggregates create soil micro- and macro-structures that influence porosity, water retention, nutrient cycling, and the stabilization of soil organic carbon.

In materials science and construction, bioaggregates refer to plant-based or bio-derived particles used as aggregates in composites or greener concretes. Examples include wood flour, cellulose fibers, agricultural byproducts, and biochar. Such aggregates can reduce weight and embodied energy but may introduce moisture sensitivity, variability in properties, and durability concerns.

Research on bioaggregates covers processing methods to produce consistent materials, surface treatments to enhance bonding with matrices, and life-cycle assessments. In natural systems, studies examine how aggregation affects ecosystem function, carbon storage, and responses to environmental change.

See also: biofilm, soil aggregate, biocomposites, biochar, sustainable materials.