bibliográficos

Bibliográficos is a Spanish adjective related to bibliography, and it is commonly used to refer to sources, references, or entries that describe printed or digital works. The term appears in phrases such as fuentes bibliográficas (bibliographic sources), notas bibliográficas (bibliographic notes), and bibliografía (the list of sources at the end of a work). Etymologically, it derives from bibliografía, from the Greek biblia (books) and graphein (to write).

In scholarly writing, bibliographic elements identify and locate sources. A bibliography or reference list provides details such as author, title, edition, place of publication, publisher, year, and identifiers like pages, volume, DOI, or URL. A bibliografía anotada, or annotated bibliography, adds brief summaries or evaluations of each cited work. Distinctions are also made between a select bibliography, which highlights significant sources, and thematic or historical bibliographies that organize items by topic or period.

Standards and formats vary by field, with common citation styles including APA, MLA, Chicago, and Vancouver. These styles prescribe the order and punctuation of bibliographic elements. In library and information science, bibliographic control involves creating and maintaining bibliographic records to improve discovery and access. Metadata standards such as ISBD (International Standard Bibliographic Description), MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging), and Dublin Core support consistent description and cataloging across libraries and databases.

Practical tools for managing bibliográficos include reference managers like Zotero, Mendeley, and EndNote, and bibliographic databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Proper handling of bibliographic information underpins attribution, scholarly integrity, and the reproducibility of research.