betygen

Betygen is the plural form of betyg, the Swedish term for grades or marks awarded to students in educational settings. In Sweden, betyg document a student’s achievement in a course or program and are issued by schools at the end of a term or course. They are used to determine progression in compulsory and upper secondary education and to assess eligibility for admission to higher education or certain programs.

Grading scales have varied across time and institutions. In many current systems, courses are graded on a scale such as A–F, with A the highest grade, while some programs employ a pass/fail or numeric scale. The exact scale and criteria are defined by the institution or program, and the use of the grade may differ between primary, secondary, and tertiary education.

Betyg are typically summarized in an official transcript, sometimes called a betygsutdrag, which lists each course and the grade earned, along with the level of study and credits. The process generally involves teachers or examiners evaluating coursework, exams, and other requirements and assigning a final grade according to the established criteria. Students have rights related to access to their records and to appeal grades under applicable regulations. See also Education in Sweden; Betygssystem.