barión

A baryon is a composite subatomic particle made up of three quarks. Quarks are fundamental constituents of matter and exist in six different types, or "flavors": up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom. Baryons are classified as hadrons, a group of particles that interact through the strong nuclear force. The most familiar examples of baryons are protons and neutrons, which form the nuclei of atoms.

Protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark (uud). Neutrons, on the other hand, consist of one up quark and two down quarks (udd). The electric charge of a baryon is determined by the charges of its constituent quarks. For instance, the up quark has a charge of +2/3, and the down quark has a charge of -1/3. Therefore, a proton has a total charge of (+2/3) + (+2/3) + (-1/3) = +1, while a neutron has a charge of (+2/3) + (-1/3) + (-1/3) = 0.

Other known baryons include the lambda (Λ), sigma (Σ), xi (Ξ), and omega (Ω) particles, which contain heavier quarks like strange or charm. These heavier baryons are generally unstable and decay into lighter particles, including protons and neutrons, through the weak nuclear force. The study of baryons is crucial to understanding the fundamental structure of matter and the forces that govern it.