baneberry

Baneberry is a common name for several species of plants, most notably those in the genus Actaea, within the family Ranunculaceae. These plants are perennial herbs found in woodland and forest habitats. The most widely recognized species is Actaea rubra, also known as red baneberry, and Actaea pachypoda, known as white baneberry or doll's eyes. Both are native to North America.

These plants are characterized by their distinctive clusters of berries. Red baneberry typically produces bright red berries, while white baneberry features white berries with black dots, giving it the common name "doll's eyes" due to their appearance. The leaves are usually compound and serrated. Baneberries bloom in late spring or early summer, producing small, white, fragrant flowers arranged in spikes.

All parts of the baneberry plant are considered poisonous, particularly the berries. They contain toxins that can cause gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, and even cardiac arrest if ingested in sufficient quantities. Despite their toxicity, these plants have a role in the ecosystem, with some birds being resistant to their effects and helping to disperse their seeds. Indigenous peoples historically used baneberry for medicinal purposes, though extreme caution was advised due to its poisonous nature.