baktériové

Baktérie are single-celled microorganisms that are found in virtually every environment on Earth. They are prokaryotic, meaning their cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Bacteria vary greatly in size and shape, ranging from spheres (cocci) to rods (bacilli) to spirals (spirilla).

These organisms play crucial roles in ecosystems. Many bacteria are decomposers, breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients. Others are essential for processes like nitrogen fixation, converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form that plants can use. In the human body, a vast community of bacteria, known as the microbiome, aids in digestion, synthesizes vitamins, and helps protect against pathogenic organisms.

However, not all bacteria are beneficial. Some species are pathogenic, causing diseases in humans, animals, and plants. These harmful bacteria can produce toxins or directly invade tissues, leading to a wide range of illnesses. The study of bacteria is called bacteriology. Understanding their biology is vital for medicine, agriculture, and environmental science. Antibiotics are a class of drugs used to treat bacterial infections by inhibiting their growth or killing them.