axillarblock

An axillary block is a regional anesthesia technique used to provide pain relief and motor blockade to the arm. It involves injecting local anesthetic near the axillary artery, targeting the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that originates in the neck and extends down the arm. This block is particularly effective for procedures involving the elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand.

The procedure typically involves identifying landmarks such as the axillary artery and vein, and using ultrasound guidance to precisely locate the nerves of the brachial plexus. A needle is then inserted, and the local anesthetic is injected as the needle is withdrawn, ensuring spread around the target nerves. The onset of the block can vary depending on the specific anesthetic used and the volume injected, but generally occurs within 10 to 20 minutes.

Axillary blocks are commonly employed for a variety of surgical interventions, including carpal tunnel release, wrist fracture repair, and forearm surgeries. They offer advantages such as excellent pain control, reduced need for systemic opioids, and faster recovery times compared to general anesthesia. However, like all anesthetic procedures, there are potential risks, including nerve injury, infection, and local anesthetic systemic toxicity, although these are rare when performed by experienced practitioners. The duration of the block is dependent on the anesthetic agent and concentration used, and may be prolonged with the addition of epinephrine.