asidosis

Acidosis is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of acid in the blood, leading to a decrease in blood pH. The body's pH is tightly regulated and typically falls within a narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. When this balance is disrupted and the pH drops below this range, acidosis occurs.

There are two main types of acidosis: respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis. Respiratory acidosis develops when the lungs cannot effectively remove carbon dioxide from the body. Carbon dioxide, when dissolved in blood, forms carbonic acid, so an excess of CO2 leads to increased acidity. This can be caused by conditions like pneumonia, emphysema, or drug overdose. Metabolic acidosis, on the other hand, arises from an imbalance in the body's metabolic processes. This can be due to the overproduction of acids, the loss of bicarbonate (a buffer that neutralizes acid), or the kidneys' inability to excrete acid effectively. Causes include diabetic ketoacidosis, kidney failure, severe diarrhea, and certain toxins.

Symptoms of acidosis can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. They may include rapid breathing, confusion, fatigue, headache, and a rapid heart rate. In severe cases, it can lead to coma and death. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure pH, carbon dioxide levels, and bicarbonate levels. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and restoring the body's acid-base balance. This might involve medication, respiratory support, or dialysis.