asetýlCoA

AsetüülCoA, also known as acetyl coenzyme A, is a crucial molecule in cellular metabolism. It is a thiol ester formed from the reaction of acetate with coenzyme A. AsetüülCoA plays a central role in linking carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, serving as a key substrate for the citric acid cycle and fatty acid synthesis.

The primary source of asetüülCoA in aerobic respiration is the breakdown of pyruvate, a product of glycolysis. Pyruvate is converted to asetüülCoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, a multi-enzyme system. Additionally, fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon units through beta-oxidation, each of which is then attached to coenzyme A to form asetüülCoA. Amino acids can also be catabolized and their carbon skeletons converted into intermediates that can enter the pathway to form asetüülCoA.

Once formed, asetüülCoA enters the citric acid cycle, where its acetyl group is oxidized to carbon dioxide, generating ATP, NADH, and FADH2. These reduced coenzymes then fuel the electron transport chain for further ATP production. AsetüülCoA is also a precursor for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and ketone bodies, highlighting its diverse metabolic functions. Its central position makes it a critical hub for energy production and biosynthesis within the cell.