artrópodové

Artrópodové comprises the largest phylum in the animal kingdom, encompassing a vast diversity of organisms characterized by their segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and an exoskeleton. This exoskeleton, made primarily of chitin, provides protection and support but must be shed periodically to allow for growth, a process known as molting. The segmented body is typically divided into three distinct regions: the head, thorax, and abdomen, although in some groups these may be fused. Jointed appendages are a defining feature, serving various functions such as locomotion, feeding, sensing, and reproduction.

The phylum Arthropoda is further divided into several major classes. Chelicerates, which include arachnids like spiders and scorpions, possess chelicerae (fang-like mouthparts) and lack antennae. Crustaceans, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimp, are primarily aquatic and typically have biramous appendages and two pairs of antennae. Myriapods, like centipedes and millipedes, are characterized by numerous body segments, each bearing one or two pairs of legs, and a distinct head. Insects, the most diverse group within arthropods, possess three pairs of legs, a pair of antennae, and usually one or two pairs of wings, making them dominant in terrestrial and freshwater environments. Artrópodové are found in nearly every habitat on Earth, playing crucial ecological roles as herbivores, carnivores, decomposers, and pollinators.