arteriovenoosia

Arteriovenoosia refers to the abnormal communication between an artery and a vein. This condition bypasses the capillary network, which is the normal site of nutrient and gas exchange in the circulatory system. The direct connection allows arterial blood, which is under high pressure, to flow directly into the venous system, which is under lower pressure. This can lead to a variety of complications depending on the size and location of the abnormal connection, also known as an arteriovenous fistula. In smaller fistulas, the effects might be minimal, while larger ones can cause significant blood flow changes. Symptoms can include a loud "whooshing" sound in the ears (bruit), swelling, pain, or even heart failure due to the increased workload on the heart. Arteriovenous fistulas can be congenital, meaning present at birth, or acquired due to trauma, surgery, or certain medical conditions. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or MRI. Treatment options range from observation for small, asymptomatic fistulas to surgical repair or endovascular embolization for larger or symptomatic ones.