arreflexi

Arreflexia refers to the absence of reflexes, particularly the deep tendon reflexes. This condition is often a sign of underlying neurological damage affecting the peripheral nervous system, including the spinal cord or nerve roots. It can also be a symptom of disorders affecting the muscles themselves.

The most commonly tested reflexes are the deep tendon reflexes, such as the patellar (knee-jerk) reflex and the Achilles (ankle) reflex. When a tendon is tapped, a rapid, involuntary muscle contraction occurs. In arreflexia, this response is entirely absent.

Causes of arreflexia are varied. They can include conditions like Guillain-Barré syndrome, a disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nerves. Spinal cord injuries, severe peripheral neuropathies due to diabetes or other metabolic disorders, and certain muscular dystrophies can also lead to arreflexia. In some cases, arreflexia can be temporary, for example, after certain anesthetic medications or severe fatigue.

Diagnosis typically involves a neurological examination to assess reflexes. Further investigations may include nerve conduction studies and electromyography (NEMG) to evaluate nerve and muscle function, as well as imaging studies if a spinal cord issue is suspected. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of the arreflexia. While the absence of reflexes themselves cannot always be reversed, managing the underlying condition can prevent further progression and, in some instances, lead to partial recovery of reflex function.