apokryphal

Apocryphal is an adjective describing something of doubtful authenticity, authorship, or reliability. The term derives from the Greek apokryphos, meaning hidden or obscure, and entered English via Latin. In general usage it denotes stories, accounts, or documents that are widely circulated but not verifiably genuine.

In religious contexts, apocryphal often refers to writings associated with a religious tradition but not included in its canonical scriptures. In Christianity, for example, apocryphal books are those not accepted as part of the Bible by most Protestant churches; the term is sometimes used to distinguish non-canonical works from the accepted canon. Catholic and Orthodox traditions may recognize a broader set of writings known as the deuterocanonical books or the broader apocrypha in some senses. Some apocryphal texts are pseudepigraphal—written under the name of a revered figure but with uncertain authorship—while others may be anonymous.

In secular use, apocryphal describes rumors or anecdotes whose truth cannot be established, and which may be exaggerated or false. The phrase apocryphal tale is often used to flag skepticism about a well-known story or legend, even when there is some kernel of truth or tradition behind it.

Because of its ambiguity, the term apocryphal should be used with care, distinguishing between questions of authenticity, authorship, and canonical acceptance. See also apocrypha, deuterocanonical, pseudepigrapha.