apneea

Apnea refers to a temporary cessation of breathing. This condition can occur in various contexts, including during sleep and in newborn infants. Sleep apnea, a common type, is characterized by repeated pauses in breathing during sleep, which can last for seconds to minutes and occur many times per hour. These pauses can lead to a drop in blood oxygen levels and disrupt sleep patterns. The most prevalent form is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by a blockage of the airway during sleep. Another type is central sleep apnea (CSA), where the brain fails to send the proper signals to the muscles that control breathing.

In newborns, apnea is more frequent and often involves pauses in breathing that last longer than 15 to 20 seconds, sometimes accompanied by changes in skin color or heart rate. This can be due to an immature respiratory control system. While some brief pauses are considered normal in premature infants, prolonged or recurrent apnea can be a cause for concern and may require medical intervention. Other situations where apnea can occur include after head injuries or as a side effect of certain medications. The diagnosis and treatment of apnea depend on its cause and severity.