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Emissions, in the context of environmental science and pollution, refer to the release of substances or energy into the atmosphere, water, or soil. These emissions can originate from a wide variety of sources, both natural and anthropogenic (human-caused). Natural emissions include volcanic eruptions releasing ash and gases, wildfires dispersing smoke and carbon dioxide, and the decomposition of organic matter producing methane.

Anthropogenic emissions are a primary focus of environmental concern. Major sources include industrial processes, the combustion of fossil fuels for energy generation and transportation, agricultural activities, and waste management. Industrial emissions can release particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Vehicle exhaust is a significant source of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter. Agricultural practices contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane from livestock and nitrous oxide from fertilizer use.

The impact of emissions depends on the type of substance released, its concentration, and its persistence in the environment. Many emissions contribute to air pollution, leading to respiratory problems and other health issues in humans and animals. Greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane, are the primary drivers of climate change, causing global warming and altering weather patterns. Other emissions can contaminate water sources, harm aquatic life, and degrade soil quality. Various regulations and technologies are employed globally to monitor and reduce emissions from various sources to mitigate their adverse environmental and health effects.