anupallavi

Anupallavi is a term used in Carnatic music to describe the second section of a kriti, a traditional South Indian vocal composition. It follows the pallavi, the thematic refrain, and precedes the charanam, the longer body of verses. The anupallavi often serves as a bridge between the pallavi and the final section, while offering further melodic exploration of the raga.

In form, the anupallavi is typically more elaborate than the pallavi and may introduce new melodic phrases or a higher melodic range. It remains thematically connected to the pallavi, frequently elaborating the central line or idea in a way that both reinforces and expands the piece’s mood and raga. The exact length and content of the anupallavi can vary between composers and kritis.

Performance practice emphasizes the anupallavi as a space for melodic development and sangati (ornamented phrases). Singers may employ a higher octave, intricate gamakas, and brisk rhythmic variations to highlight the raga’s scope. While its primary function is within the kriti’s internal architecture, the anupallavi also helps listeners recognize the composition’s core thematic material.

Etymologically, the term derives from Sanskrit and Tamil roots meaning “after pallavi.” The concept is characteristic of Carnatic kriti structure and is less common in Hindustani or Western musical forms. Many major composers of Carnatic music, including Tyagaraja, Dikshitar, and Shyama Sastri, wrote kritis that incorporate an anupallavi as part of the standard three-part framework of pallavi, anupallavi, and charanam.