antiIL4R

Anti-IL4R refers to therapeutic agents that block signaling through the interleukin-4 receptor, most commonly by targeting the IL-4 receptor alpha subunit (IL-4Rα). Because IL-4Rα is shared by receptor complexes for both IL-4 and IL-13, anti-IL4R therapies can inhibit signaling from these cytokines and reduce type 2 inflammatory responses involved in allergic diseases.

Mechanism: IL-4 and IL-13 drive processes such as IgE class switching, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus production through receptors that include IL-4Rα, activating downstream pathways like STAT6. Anti-IL4R antibodies bind IL-4Rα, preventing receptor engagement and subsequent signaling, thereby dampening inflammatory gene expression and effector functions.

Clinical use and examples: The most well-known anti-IL4R agent is dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody against IL-4Rα. It has been approved for multiple indications, including moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and eosinophilic esophagitis. Other anti-IL4R antibodies have been evaluated in clinical trials, but as of now are not widely approved. The development of these agents reflects a broader strategy to treat Th2- and IL-4/IL-13–driven diseases by blocking a shared receptor component.

Safety and status: Common adverse effects can include injection-site reactions and conjunctivitis, with potential increases in susceptibility to infections in some patients. As with all biologics, patient selection and monitoring are important. Ongoing research aims to expand indications and improve safety and tolerability of anti-IL4R therapies.