angiotensinII

Angiotensin II is a peptide hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and fluid balance within the body. It is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a complex hormonal cascade initiated by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or reduced blood flow. Angiotensin II is formed from angiotensin I by the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Once produced, angiotensin II acts on various tissues throughout the body. Its primary effects include vasoconstriction, which narrows blood vessels and consequently increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the adrenal glands to release aldosterone, a hormone that promotes sodium and water retention by the kidneys, further contributing to an increase in blood volume and pressure. Furthermore, angiotensin II can stimulate thirst, leading to increased fluid intake. These actions collectively work to restore and maintain adequate blood pressure and tissue perfusion. Dysregulation of the RAAS and excessive levels of angiotensin II are implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and kidney disease. Consequently, medications that block the action of angiotensin II or its production are widely used in the treatment of these conditions.