anastomosed

Anastomosed is the past participle and adjective form of anastomose, meaning joined by an anastomosis. An anastomosis is a connection between two hollow or tubular structures, created naturally or surgically to restore continuity or allow passage of contents, fluids, or blood. The term derives from Greek roots referring to joining or opening between channels.

In clinical contexts, an anastomosis is performed to reconnect segments after resection, to bypass a blockage, or to drain or reroute flows. Common settings include intestinal anastomosis after bowel resection (end-to-end or end-to-side configurations), vascular anastomosis connecting arteries or veins in bypass grafting or transplantation, and biliary or ureteral anastomoses in reconstructive surgery. Configurations include end-to-end, end-to-side, and side-to-side, chosen based on lumen size, tissue quality, and physiologic requirements. Techniques typically involve sutured or stapled anastomosis, with variation in suture pattern, reinforcement, and, in some cases, tissue adhesives or modern devices.

Natural anastomoses occur in the body as collateral channels that form to maintain flow when a route is obstructed, and in some contexts during development or disease. Clinically, anastomoses aim to restore continuity while minimizing leakage, stenosis, thrombosis, or fistula formation. Complications can include leak at the connection, narrowing over time, infection, or impaired function, underscoring the need for careful technique and postoperative assessment.