aminorühm

Aminorühm is a term used in organic chemistry to refer to a functional group containing a nitrogen atom bonded to at least one carbon atom. This group is a fundamental building block in many organic molecules, including amino acids, which are the monomers of proteins, and amines, which are organic derivatives of ammonia.

The structure of an aminorühm can vary in complexity. A primary aminorühm has a nitrogen atom bonded to one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms. A secondary aminorühm features a nitrogen atom bonded to two carbon atoms and one hydrogen atom. A tertiary aminorühm has a nitrogen atom bonded to three carbon atoms and no hydrogen atoms. Quaternary aminorühms exist where the nitrogen atom is positively charged and bonded to four carbon atoms, forming an ammonium ion.

Aminorühms are known for their basic properties due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which can accept a proton. This basicity influences their reactivity in various chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitutions and acylations. The presence and type of aminorühm significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of a molecule, including its solubility, boiling point, and biological activity. They are crucial in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and polymers.