alusinfinitiiv

Alusinfinitiiv is a term used in Estonian grammar to describe the bare infinitive form of a verb, i.e., the base non-finite form that serves as the core of infinitival clauses. It is the form that remains unchanged by person, number, or tense and is typically used after certain auxiliary or modal expressions, or in clauses that express intention, ability, obligation, or desire.

In standard usage, the alusinfinitiiv appears after auxiliary or modal-like constructions and in purposes or non-finite clauses where the action is not anchored to a specific subject or time. It functions as a verb stem that can combine with other elements to form broader meanings without inflecting for the subject. This form is distinct from finite verb forms and from other non-finite forms that may carry aspect or dissertation-like nuances in Estonian grammar.

Common contexts for the alusinfinitiiv include sentences with verbs of necessity, ability, or want, as well as clauses expressing purpose or future-oriented intention. For example, in sentences like “Ta soovib lugeda” (he wants to read) or “Me peame tegema tööd” (we must do work), the infinitive appears in its bare form to convey the action without specifying when it occurs or who performs it. The form may also appear in sequences of verbs where one verb governs the action expressed by the infinitive.

Overall, the alusinfinitiiv is an important non-finite verb form in Estonian, used to express actions abstractly and to build constructions with modality, intention, and purpose without imposing tense or agreement.