alléláramlás

Alléláramlás, or gene flow, is a fundamental process in population genetics that describes the transfer of alleles between populations or subpopulations of a species. It occurs through the movement of individuals (migration) or gametes (e.g., pollen, seeds) from one group to another, introducing new genetic variants or altering allele frequencies in the recipient population. Factors influencing gene flow include geographic distance, physical barriers (such as mountains or water bodies), and behavioral traits (like mating preferences). Gene flow can enhance genetic diversity, reduce genetic differentiation between populations, and maintain connectivity among groups. Conversely, limited gene flow may lead to increased genetic drift and, over time, contribute to speciation. Understanding alléláramlás is crucial for fields including conservation biology, evolutionary research, and breeding programs, as it shapes the genetic structure of populations over time.