allélváltozatok

Allélváltozatok, often referred to as alleles, are different versions of the same gene. Genes are segments of DNA that provide instructions for building specific proteins, which in turn determine various traits in an organism. For example, a gene for eye color might have different alleles that result in blue eyes, brown eyes, or green eyes. These variations arise from changes in the DNA sequence, called mutations.

Individuals inherit two alleles for most genes, one from each parent. The combination of these two alleles determines the individual's genotype for that gene. The observable physical or biochemical characteristics that result from this genotype are called the phenotype. If an individual has two identical alleles for a gene, they are homozygous for that gene. If they have two different alleles, they are heterozygous.

The concept of alleles is fundamental to understanding heredity and genetic variation. The prevalence of different alleles within a population is what drives evolution. Some alleles can be dominant, meaning they will be expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present. Others are recessive and only manifest if two copies are present. The study of allélváltozatok helps us understand the genetic basis of diseases, the inheritance patterns of traits, and the diversity of life.