allylaminas

Allylamines are a class of organic compounds that contain an allyl group attached to an amine. The simplest member is allylamine (2-propenylamine; CH2=CH-CH2-NH2). The term also covers N-substituted derivatives, such as N-allyl amines, where the nitrogen bears one or more carbon substituents (for example N-allylaniline).

Preparation and occurrence: Allylamines are typically prepared by substitution of allyl halides with ammonia or primary amines. They can also be generated via hydroaminations of alkenes or by reductive amination routes using allyl aldehydes or ketones. These routes provide access to both primary allylamines and various N-substituted derivatives.

Chemical properties: The allyl group confers unsaturation that enables further transformations, including radical and ionic additions to the vinyl double bond. The amine group provides basicity and the ability to form ammonium salts, affecting solubility and handling. Primary allylamines are usually liquids at room temperature and are often reactive and irritant.

Applications and occurrence: Allylamines serve as intermediates in organic synthesis, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. They are also used as monomers or co-monomers for polymers such as polyallylamines, which are cationic polymers employed as flocculants in water treatment, papermaking, and as binders in coatings.

Safety and handling: Allylamines are typically hazardous; they can be irritants and may be toxic. They are flammable and may form explosive peroxides under certain conditions. They should be handled in a well-ventilated area with appropriate PPE and stored away from oxidizers.

See also: Allyl group; amines; polyallylamine.