alMawlid

Al-Mawlid, also Mawlid al-Nabi, refers to the celebration of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad, a central figure in Islam. The term mawlid derives from the Arabic word for birth. The practice is observed by many Muslims as an occasion to honor the Prophet’s life and teachings, reflect on his example, and engage in charitable or community acts.

In communities that observe Mawlid, activities commonly include readings from the Prophet’s biography and hadith, poetry and songs (nasheed), sermons or majlis focusing on his virtues, communal meals, charitable giving, and processions or decorative displays in mosques and streets. Attendees may also perform prayers and supplications upon the Prophet and visit his tombs or shrines where available.

The date and mode of observation vary by tradition and country. For many Sunni communities, Mawlid is observed on the 12th day of Rabi’ al-awwal in the Hijri calendar, but since the calendar is lunar the date shifts each year. Some communities celebrate on other days, such as the 17th of Rabi’ al-awwal, or hold local observances at different times. In some places, public celebrations are discouraged or restricted by authorities or by religious scholars who view Mawlid as bid’ah (innovation), while others regard it as a legitimate or meritorious practice.

Historically, the practice emerged in medieval Islam and spread through various regions, gaining popularity in parts of South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Supporters argue that Mawlid fosters reverence, knowledge of the Prophet’s example, and social solidarity; critics contend that it lacks direct scriptural endorsement and should not replace core acts of worship.

In modern usage, Mawlid remains a widespread cultural and religious feature in many communities, while remaining contentious in others.