alGhaybah

Al-Ghaybah, also known as the "Occultation" or "Hidden Imamate," refers to a period in Twelver Shia Islam during which the twelfth and final Imam, Imam Mahdi, is believed to have gone into concealment. According to Shia belief, the Mahdi, whose full name is Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi ibn al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Musa al-Kadhim, was born in 869 CE and disappeared at the age of five in 878 CE. His disappearance marked the beginning of a hidden period that is expected to last until he reappears to fulfill his divine mission.

The concept of al-Ghaybah is divided into two phases: the Minor Occultation (al-Ghaybah al-Sughra) and the Major Occultation (al-Ghaybah al-Kubra). During the Minor Occultation, which lasted approximately 70 years, the Imam was protected by his trusted companion, Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Amiri, who communicated with the Shia community on his behalf. After Uthman's death in 941 CE, the Imam entered the Major Occultation, during which he is believed to be in a state of divine protection, unseen by the world but actively guiding his followers spiritually.

Shia Muslims believe that the Imam remains alive and will eventually return to establish justice and righteousness on Earth. His return is anticipated to coincide with the end of time, when he will emerge to combat evil, restore Islamic rule, and prepare humanity for the Day of Judgment. The Mahdi is described in Shia texts as a figure of divine guidance, embodying the virtues of wisdom, compassion, and leadership.

The doctrine of al-Ghaybah is central to Twelver Shia theology, emphasizing faith in the unseen presence of the Imam and the promise of his eventual return. It also underscores the importance of patience, trust in divine will, and adherence to Islamic teachings during his absence. The concept is a source of hope and spiritual reassurance for Shia Muslims, reinforcing their belief in the continuity of divine guidance even in times of apparent hardship.