akuzativní

Akuzativní is the term used in Czech grammar to describe the accusative case. The accusative is primarily used to mark the direct object of transitive verbs, and it also appears with certain prepositions to indicate motion or duration in some languages.

In Czech, the accusative form of nouns, pronouns, and adjectives depends on gender and number and can vary with animacy. Examples show the range of endings: pes (dog) becomes psa in the masculine animate singular, dívka (girl) becomes dívku in the feminine singular, and kniha (book) becomes knihu in the feminine inanimate singular. Neuter nouns often have an accusative singular similar to the nominative, as in auto → auto. Typical sentences include Vidím psa (I see a dog) and Čtu knihu (I read a book), where psa and knihu are in the akuzativ.

The concept of the accusative extends beyond Czech. In many languages, the accusative marks the direct object and interacts with verbs to express action directed at something, and it may also appear after certain prepositions or in motion-related constructions. The exact forms and rules vary by language, with notable counterparts such as the German Akkusativ or the Russian vinítelny/винительный падеж, each handling agreement and usage according to its own grammar.

In linguistic descriptions, akuzativní is the label used for the words inflected in the accusative case or for the form that expresses this grammatical category.