akrolein

Akrolein, commonly spelled acrolein, is an organic compound that represents the simplest member of the α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Its formula is C3H4O (CH2=CH-CHO). It is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a very pungent odor. Its conjugated vinyl aldehyde structure makes it highly reactive, and it readily undergoes polymerization in the absence of stabilizers. It is a potent lachrymator and irritant to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.

Production and applications: Industriously, acrolein is produced mainly by the catalytic oxidation of propylene, and it can also be generated by dehydration of glycerol. It is an important chemical intermediate for the production of acrylic acid and corresponding esters and polymers. It is used to introduce allyl groups in organic synthesis and is a building block for various specialty chemicals.

Hazards and safety: Acrolein is highly reactive and toxic, and exposure can cause severe irritation and lung damage. It reacts with nucleophiles such as amines and thiols, forming adducts. Because of its reactivity and tendency to polymerize, it is stored with inhibitors and under appropriate conditions to prevent runaway polymerization. Workplace exposure is regulated in many jurisdictions; handling typically requires engineering controls, fume hoods, and personal protective equipment.

Environmental aspects: In the environment, acrolein degrades mainly by reaction with hydroxyl radicals and other oxidants; it can form secondary pollutants and contributes to air pollution. It is listed as a hazardous chemical in many inventories and regulations.